Chord substitution is the term used to describe the procedure to replace, add or change a chord in a chord progression chord substitution is used to change an existing chord progression to create a new or different harmony. Substitutions can either be diatonic in the key or nondiatonic. They are in fact two different expressions of the same tonality the scale is a horizontal expression, the chord a vertical expression of that tonality the complete chord contains, like. Was waiting for more outside sound, too bad it had to end on tritone substitution. Chord substitution is used to change an existing chord progression to create a new or different harmony. The substitutions may have a quality and degree of function in common with the original chord, and often only differs by one or two notes, or they may be far more off the wall, flirting with other keys and modes temporarily, then with deft skill brought back to the home tonal centre. Substitute chords a simple jazz technique uninformed. The following chord substitutions work in a variety of. Many chord substitutions are available suspended, diminished 7 th, etc. Tritone substitution used in jazz chord progressions.
Ii7 bii7 imaj instead of ii7 v7 imaj7 because the bii7 has the same tritone and therefore resolves the same way into the tonic. Some songs have them already in the chord progression, other times the player will actually play the substitute dominant instead of the regular or secondary dominant additionally, players will precede chords with substitute dominant. Substitute dominant chords, sometimes referred to as tritone substitutes, are some of my favorite chords in jazz. Nonfunctional or contextual substitution involves superimposing chords that have their own logic that is independent of the original chords and doesnt necessarily relate to the original chords. These chords have different qualities which produce different effects when played in a piece of music. Colorful jazzblues chord substitutions guitar world. Mar 28, 2014 chord substitution rules frederick burton the i chord when played for 4 beats can be substituted by the vim7 or the iiim7 chord of the same key. The minor 7th note is located a 7th above the root bottom note of the chord. In the previous lesson on shell chords, we learned that you dont always have to play every single note in a chord.
We simply replace one chord with another one, and we have a chord substitution. For instance, a g major chord is made up of the notes g, b, and d. This is also known as the majormajor seventh chord, and it can be written as maj7, m7. The qchord lets us quickly play a major, minor or 7th chord with just the touch of a single button. Much of the european classical repertoire and the vast majority of blues, jazz and rock music songs are based on chord progressions. There are some specific and even complicated rules for substitution, but the final arbiter of a successful chord substitution is how it sounds. Common tone substitutions of the harmonized major scale.
Though these chords offer a wide range of expression, musicians often want to add variety and surprise to their music. The chord here was d7b5 which has now been replaced with ab7. Its starting to sounds a little more sophisticated now, and this is only the beginning. Learn unlimited ways to harmonize melody lines and progressions jazz masters series kindle edition by arkin, eddie. Functional means that a dominant chord is substituting for a dominant chord and is still functioning in the same way the original chords did. Remember, the more you practice and the more theory you know, the better youll sound and the better able youll be to play what you hear. Combining buttons gets us major 7ths, minor 7ths, augmented and diminished chords.
But it doesnt cover all the chords that i find in music, so i came up with a chord substitution. Often they will utilize different tools to substitute chord changes and create more or different kinds of harmonic movement. Great explanation jerry lian gerbino 24th november 2009. Its a mouth full i know, but the process is really quite simple, so lets go through the example below, step. Common tone substitution is a must have tool in your comping tool box. Diatonic chord substitution of the many ways to add color and variety to a composition, harmony can be one of the more elusive.
An introduction to chord substitutions for piano players. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading creative chord substitution for jazz guitar. Nov 14, 2009 while we often talk about how blues is based around 7th chords, those are just suggested chords. The key signature just lets you know what key the song is based in, but you may find other notes that are foreign to the key. But the results will be considerably more complex, as now we are superimposing a 4part structure instead of a 3part structure, and each note will need to play a coherent role.
See the following explanation of the chords before viewing the free pdf sheet of this chord substitution. Chord substitution is the term used to describe the procedure to replace, add or change a chord in a chord progression. In this installment, youll learn how to play use chord substitutions in the key of e major on guitar. An introduction to chord substitutions on piano youtube. Creative chord substitution for jazz guitar explains the. Reharmonizations and substitutions 7th chords and scale harmonization reharmonizing. This lesson, however, will focus on substitution of minor and major chords.
Creative chord substitution for jazz guitar explains the technique of chord substitution as a tool to expand and vary existing harmonic. Ive been playing guitar for around 30 years but only started using thumb chords last year. In fact, you can omit any note except for the 3rd and 7th guide tones of the chord and still retain the general sound or feel of the original chord. If you were to eat vanilla ice cream every day for a year, not only would you gain weight and considerably so you would also quickly tire of the flavor.
Changing the chord progression in a piece is also known as reharmonization. A chord substitution occurs when a chord is replaced by another that is made to function like the original. The common chord progression you will see this happen in is the iviiiv. Chord substitution often results from an attempt to provide smooth voice leading. Tritone substitution is applied again at the beginning of bar 8. Jun 12, 2019 in the past ive introduced the 12bar jazzblues progression, which is a more musically sophisticated cousin of the simpler onefourfive blues chord changes that most people are familiar with and serves as a more harmonically ambitious framework that jazz musicians almost universally prefer to solo over and use as a vehicle for improvising rich, colorful melodies that allude to. About the only thing i would use in a standards format might be a iim7 for the iv chord and maybe a iiim7 for the i, none of which really move harmony away. Mark watkins received his degrees from brigham young university and indiana university and has studied with eugene rousseau, daniel deffayet, ray smith, and yushi ishiwata and jazz with david baker.
Jazz chord substitution theory and applications we all get bored of the same thing if we have too much of it. Through previous lessons it has become clear that a scale or mode and the scaletone chord built on the tonic of that scale are closely related. Harmonizing the diatonic scale produces chords with different sounds. For a jazz musician, being able to manipulate chords and progressions is an essential part of defining ones own personal musical style. This is a common practice in jazz and creates more voice leading. In music theory, chord substitution is the technique of using a chord in place of another in a progression of chords, or a chord progression. Handbook of chord substitutions paperback may 1, 1987 by andy laverne author 4. Flat five substitution is a type of chord substitution, in which a functioning dominant seventh chord can be replaced by forming another dominant seventh chord, upon the diminished fifth from the original dominant seventh chords root. This book is very effective in helping to develop this skill.
How to use chord substitutions in the key of e major. Substituting seventh chords create more tension than both the major and minor chord substitution, and consequently are occasionally used to rise. Its easier to call it a b2 sub or something similar. This is important, because chords from different families tend to get handled in different ways when doing chord substitution. I also added an a7 in the beat before so that we have chromatically descending dominant 7 th chords. It is fairly straight forward and is easily incorporated, giving you exponentially more options of chord voicings to choose from. Advanced harmony with substitute seventh chords introduction to advanced harmonic concepts. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Or they can be nonfunctional or contextual substitutions as david baker calls them as in coltrane changes or superimposing cycle changes over the blues or rhythm changes. The major seventh chord refers to where the seventh note is a major seventh above the root.
The 2nd, 3rd, 6th, and 7th tones create what we call secondary chords. This is far and away the easiest and most common substitution, and in fact its the standard turnaround in jazz. Learn to play guitar by chord tabs using chord diagrams, transpose the key, watch video lessons and much more. Where major and minor triads have 3 different notes, 7th chords have 4. Its important to note that in this example the vi chord has been made into a dominant 7 chord vi. In the past ive introduced the 12bar jazzblues progression, which is a more musically sophisticated cousin of the simpler onefourfive blues chord changes that most people are familiar with and serves as a more harmonically ambitious framework that jazz musicians almost universally prefer to solo over and use as a vehicle for improvising rich. A basic rule of thumb when substituting chords is that a chord can be substituted for another if the chords has at least two notes in common.
A diminished chord built one half step can be used in place of any 7b9 chord. With a seemingly infinite palette of chords available to you at every turn, knowing which one to choose can seem like a combination of instinct and good fortune. Functional means that a dominant chord is substituting for a dominant chord and is still functioning in the same way. We use chord substitutions to create a different sound in the music.
Pdf creative chord substitution for jazz guitar download. Keyboard players note that in a iim7 bii7 imaj7 chord progression all three chords can be played in root position as above or in the same inversion. The general chord substitution rule holds that chords that share two or more notes in common can be readily substituted for each other money chords. You can get the pdf and the guitarpro files for these examples through my patreon page here. These chords are interchangeable because the tritone interval pitches are identical in each. While we often talk about how blues is based around 7th chords, those are just suggested chords. Jazz blues chord substitutions guide jamie holroyd guitar. Learn unlimited ways to harmonize melody lines and progressions. Nov 24, 2009 was waiting for more outside sound, too bad it had to end on tritone substitution.
We already learned that two chords of the same harmonic function can be exchanged one for another without changing the harmonic function of the specific part. November 2009 edited november 2009 in gypsy jazz 101 posts. Flat five substitution theory lesson ricmedia guitar. Creative chord substitution for jazz guitar explains the technique of chord substitution as a tool to expand and vary existing harmonic progressions. Substitute guitar tab by the who, 1966 appears on meaty beaty big and bouncy, 1971 written by pete townshend 1966 trodevon music, inc. Again, if youre playing in the key of c, the v chord is g7 and the v of g is d7, so instead of playing cfg7, play cd7g7 instead. When a i chord is leading into a iv chordadd a minor 7th to the i chord. Staying with the progression of c, am, f and g what other chords share the notes of the am chord. The easiest kind of substitution is to swap a major chord with its relative minor, or a minor chord with its relative major.
You can feel comfortable substituting either of these chords for the c major, and the melody will still usually sound good. Mark watkins received his degrees from brigham young university and indiana university and has studied with eugene rousseau, daniel deffayet, ray. Chord substitutions secrets to chord substitutions. This chart makes it really obvious that the em and am chords each share two notes with the c chord. The tritone substitution is a dominant 7th chord whose root is a tritone 3 whole steps away from the original dominant 7th chord. Chord substitution reharmonization simplifying theory. Just as triads can be used to substitute chords, so can 7 th chords. But dont let the secondary fool ya because they are very important when it comes to chord substitutions. Diatonic chord substitution theory and harmony lesson. The simple fact is that simple chords sound simple, and our dm7g7c and dm7db7c are, lets face it, simple chords. These pairs of chords are, as the names suggest, related. The chords in the windows to the right of the original chord represent frequently used substitutions. A basic rule of thumb when substituting chords is that a chord can be substituted for another if the chords has at least.
Every chord has other diatonic chords sharing notes, and while this is true, i will focus on the most usable relationships. It helps you to understand and analyse the chord progression of any song much better. Chord substitutions survival guide pdf includes tab. Substituting chromatic chords within the iii vi ii v i progression for the sake of variety, coloration and creativity, composers or even players substitute chromatic chords chords that have one or more notes not in the key signature of the song. In reality you can substitute the 7th chords for 9th chords and you want to. But when the iii replaces the i, it becomes emin7amin7dmin7g7. Bottom line, dm the super tonic is a handy chord substitution for f the subdominant. Heres a blues in c based around 7th and 9th chords. Substitution is when you are using other chords that are outer but doing the same function. Heres an easy chord substitution for church pianists to use. Calling it a tritone substitution might be a bit misleading if you dont understand the full theory of it. Chord substitution chord substitution refers to the art of changing andor adding chords to a progression in order to create harmony that is different and more interesting. The power of chord substitutions chord substitutions are one of the most powerful concepts in harmony, be it pop, jazz or any other.
Being able to take liberties with the harmony of a given tune is an. The tritone substitution is a dominant, or secondary dominant 7th chord whose root is a tritone 3 whole steps away from the original chord. That gives us a clue over the function of the second degree chord in the scale. Substitutions can be functional as in tritone substitutions or minor 3rd substitutions. This one is straight out of lesson 3 from blues guitar unleashed. A trick some jazz guitarists use is to take minor chords and change them for corresponding dominant 7th chords substitution. Substituting chords by karen daniels simply put, chord substitution is the use of one chord in place of another chord and using them is one way to give your music interest and a change in sound. Jun 16, 2017 the common chord progression you will see this happen in is the iviiiv. Theres a bit of a tritone feast in the last couple of bars starting with the b7 in bar 9. This is because those three chords share 2 or more common tones.
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